ABSTRACT
Based on the development trends of nursing care in the ongoing healthcare reform, the PEST model was called into play to analyze the macro-environment of nursing development in terms of such aspects as political, economic, social-cultural, and science and technology factors. Based on such, policy suggestions are raised to tackle the following challenges, namely incomplete political and legal environment for nursing, relative shortage of nursing resources, low social recognition, and poor capability of nursing technique innovation. These suggestions aim to further improve the political and legal system for nursing, explore highly efficient nursing resource allocation, enhance nursing service capability, and nurture nursing technique innovation talents.
ABSTRACT
Based on the development trends of nursing care in the ongoing healthcare reform, the PEST model was called into play to analyze the macro-environment of nursing development in terms of such aspects as political, economic, social-cultural, and science and technology factors. Based on such, policy suggestions are raised to tackle the following challenges, namely incomplete political and legal environment for nursing, relative shortage of nursing resources, low social recognition, and poor capability of nursing technique innovation. These suggestions aim to further improve the political and legal system for nursing, explore highly efficient nursing resource allocation, enhance nursing service capability, and nurture nursing technique innovation talents.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences in the therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis between scraping therapy and cetirizine and observe the differences in the clinical therapeutic effects of scraping therapy on the disease of different differentiated patterns/syndromes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The included participants of allergic rhinitis were randomized into a western medication group and three scraping therapy groups, named a lungdeficiency and cold group, a spleendeficiency group and a kidneydeficiency group, 20 cases in each one. In the western medication group, cetirizine was prescribed for oral administration, 10 mg, once a day, totally for 4 weeks. In the scraping therapy groups, the scraping therapy was applied to the running courses of the large intestine meridian of hand-, the governor vessel and the bladder meridian of foot-, focusing on Yingxiang (LI 20), Yintang (GV29), Hegu (LI 4) and Fengmen (BL 12). In the lungdeficiency and cold group, the scraping focused on the lung meridian of hand-, Feishu (BL 13), Taiyuan (LU 9), Fengchi (GB 20) and Lieque (LU 7). In the spleendeficiency group, the scraping focused on the spleen meridian of foot-, Pishu (BL 20) and Zusanli (ST 36). In the kidneydeficiency, the scraping focused on the kidney meridian of foot-, Mingmen (GV 4) and Shenshu (BL 23). The scraping therapy was given once a week, 4 treatments as one session and 1 session required (4 weeks). Separately before treatment, after treatment and in 3-month follow-up visit, the total score of the main symptoms of allergic rhinitis (sneezing, runny nose, nasal obstruction and nasal itch) was observed and the clinical therapeutic effects were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total symptom scores in the patients of the 4 groups after treatment were all reduced as compared with those before treatment (all<0.05). After treatment and in the follow-up visit, the total symptom scores of the 3 scraping therapy groups were lower than those in the western medication group (all<0.05), and the score in the lungdeficiency and cold group was lower than those in the spleendeficiency group and the kidneydeficiency group (all<0.05). After treatment and in the follow-up visit, the therapeutic effects in the 3 scraping therapy groups were better than those in the western medication group (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The scraping therapy on the basis of the meridians and acupoints selection achieves the definite therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis of different differentiated patterns/syndromes, which is better than cetirizine. This therapy achieves the much significant short-term and long-term therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis differentiated as lung qi deficiency and cold.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference in the therapeutic effect on post-infectious cough differentiated as wind-cold retention in the lung between the combined therapy of scraping anddecoction and the simple application ofdecoction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients were randomized into a combined therapy group and a Chinese herbal medicine group, 40 cases in each one. In the Chinese herbal medicine group, the oral administration ofdecoction was used. The main ingredients included,,,,,,,, etc., one dose a day, twice a day. In the combined therapy group, on the basis of the treatment as the Chinese herbal medicine group, scraping therapy was added and applied to the bladder meridian of foot-, the lung meridian of hand-, the conception vessel and the governor vessel, focusing on Tiantu (CV 22), Baihui (GV 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Feishu (BL 13), Fengmen (BL 12), Taiyuan (LU 9), Lieque (LU 7) and Fengchi (GB 20), once a week and one-week treatment as one session. Totally, the continuous two sessions were required in the two groups. The cough symptom score, cough remission time, relapse, TCM syndrome score, the score of Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ), SP concentration in the supernatant of the induced sputum before and after treatment as well as clinical efficacy were observed in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cough symptom score, TCM symptom score and SP concentration in the supernatant of the induced sputum were all apparently reduced after treatment in the patients of the two groups (all<0.01). The scores in the combined therapy group were reduced in the higher amplitude as compared with those in the Chinese herbal medicine group (all<0.01). The total effective rate was 95.0% (38/40) in the combined therapy group, better than 87.5% (35/40) in the Chinese herbal medicine group (<0.05). Regarding the cough remission time and relapse rate, the results in the combined therapy group were better than those in the Chinese herbal medicine group[(5.3±1.2) d vs (7.4±1.5) d,<0.01; 0% (0/19) vs 62.5% (5/8),<0.01]. The scoreo of LCQ was all apparently improved in the patients of the two groups (both<0.01), and the score in the combined therapy group was higher than that in the Chinese herbal medicine group (<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Scraping therapy combined withdecoction and the simple application ofdecoction all relieve the symptoms of post-infectious cough and improves the living quality. The therapeutic effects of the combined therapy are superior to the oral administration ofdecoction.</p>
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Skp2 and PTEN in glottic carcinoma and the relationship between the two genes.@*METHOD@#Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, which came from 42 cases of glottic carcinoma and 16 cases of atypical hyperplasia of vocal fold and 27 cases of vocal cord polyp, were detected for the expression of Skp2, PTEN by SP immunohistochemistry, then we analyzed the result statistically.@*RESULT@#The expression rates of Skp2 protein in vocal cord polyp, atypical hyperplasia of vocal cord and glottic carcinoma were 11.11%, 37.50%, 40.48% respectively. There was significant difference among them (P < 0.01); the expression rates of PTEN protein in vocal cord polyp, atypical hyperplasia of vocal cord and glottic carcinoma were 100.00%, 75.00%, 52.38% respectively. There was significant difference among them (P < 0.05), the expressions of Skp2 and PTEN in glottic carcinoma were associated with clinical stage, lymph nodal metastases and prognosis (P < 0.05); there was a negative correlation between the expression of Skp2 and PTEN, and their correlation coefficient was r= -0.4301 (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The expressions of Skp2 and PTEN may play an important roles in the tumorigenesis, metastases and poor prognosis of glottic carcinoma. These changes may be the early molecular event of the carcinogenesis. The high expression of Skp2 was negative correlation with the lower PTEN in glottic carcinoma.